We act according to goals we intend to reach, such as increasing happiness (ours and that of others), reducing harm suffered by … [33] The most well-known type of consequentialism theory is utilitarianism.[34]. [32] Due to the attention Singer received, his views were the most accessible, and therefore best known by the public. Singer, Peter. Principles of Ethics in Relation to Animal Use (Section 3 of CAWSEL) CAWSEL Course Type: Short courses (CPD) Start Date: To be announced Location: TBA, United Kingdom Duration: Full time - 3 Days Fees/total cost: EUR 1,133.50 (GBP 840.00) Animal welfare and ethics The Queensland Government is committed to ensuring that all animals in Queensland have appropriate standards of welfare. Peaceful civil disobedience is an ethical way of protesting laws or expressing political viewpoints. Peter Carruthers is another individual who suggests that animals are not conscious. This means that plants, being inferior to animals and human beings, have the function of serving the needs of animals and human beings. Resources. This Argument from Analogy relies on the similarities between animals and human beings in order to support the claim that animals are conscious. [10] In 1641, Massachusetts colony's called Body of Liberties that includes regulation against any "Tirranny or Crueltie" towards animals. These attributes are intellectual, and include the ability to understand ethical principles and guide one’s actions accordingly. References and Additional Resources LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Remnants of this type of view exists in the concept of “the food chain” – a chain of higher and higher animals until you come to the “highest” animal of the chain (e.g., human beings). Animals can feel pain and their interests must be taken into consideration. Likewise, human beings are superior to animals because human beings have the capacity for using reason to guide their conduct, while animals lack this ability and must instead rely on instinct. Secondly, the evolution of animal ethics as people started to realise that this ideology was not as simple as was first proposed. They are informed by Section 8.09 of the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (APA, 2010). Pain in Animals: General Ethical Principles Justification Principle. This is true for mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. The Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation of both Academies revised the Ethical Principles and Guidelines for Animal Testing in the light of recent experience and insights in 1993 and 2005. While this may be able to be applied to some animal research and raising for food, there are many flaws that have been exposed in this theory. The nature of pain as a fundamental evil also implies what I call the “Justification... Value Principle. Theories in applied animal ethics tend to include a prohibition against causing unnecessary pain and suffering to animals. Such approvals are only issued if the potential benefits of the work are likely to outweigh the effects on the animals … The Three Rs principles are now widely accepted by many countries and are used in any practises that involve the experimentation of animals. This new framework of six moral principles constitutes a more suitable set of moral guidelines than any currently available, including the influential framework presented in the Principles of Humane Experimental … The Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation of both Academies revised the Ethical Principles and Guidelines for Animal Testing in the light of recent experience and insights in 1993 and 2005. Today there exists a wide spectrum of views on this subject, ranging from those concerned with animal 'rights' to those who view animals only as a resource to be exploited. There are many types of deontological theories, however, the one most commonly recognised is often associated with Immanuel Kant. [25] However, during recent years it has come under severe criticism by the public and animal activist groups. DeGrazia, David. A highlighted flaw in Kant's theory is that it was not applicable to non-human animals, only specifically to humans.