Question 39. Answer: Gastric juice contains three substances: hydrochloric acid, enzyme pepsin and mucus. In the stem of herbaceous plants, stomatas are present. Question 39. Answer: An enzyme and its cofactor together constitute the holoenzyme. All the respiratory organs have large surface areas to get enough oxygen. Inorganic compounds include potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and their compounds in the wound form of phosphate, biocarbonate, sulphate, chloride, etc. Question 31. Their haemoglobin is changed into bile pigments. It is in the alveoli where exchange of gases takes place. The major nitrogenous waste product in human beings is urea. The air from cavity enters into the pharynx and then into the trachea (or wind pipe). Amylase helps in breakdown of carbohydrates. The gut of a starfish occupies most of the disc and extends into the arms. Answer: Question 28. 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Other mechanisms add to the completion of catalytic events which are launched by strain mechanisms such as the usage of glutamate as a general acid catalyst. (i) Oxyhaemoglobin Answer: Question 4. Name the energy currency in the living organisms. Its inner concave surface has a depression called hilum through which renal artery enters and renal vein leaves the kidney. (c) It carries waste product for excretion. Plant kept in continuous light will live longer. What is chyme? In anaerobic respiration, one molecule of oxygen produces only 2ATP of energy. They function to reorganize the internal structure of the cell to regulate cellular activities. Haemoglobin is a red coloured pigment found in red blood cells. Question 12. They catalyze the formation of an isomer of a compound. Question 20. Compared to its substrates, enzymes are typically large with varying sizes, ranging from 62 amino acid residues to an average of 2500 residues found in fatty acid synthase. Yeast, mushroom. Answer: Enzymes have a saturation point, i.e., once all the enzymes added are occupied by the substrate molecules, its activity will be ceased. When the reaction begins, the velocity of enzyme action keeps on increasing on further addition of substrate. Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of these muscles pushes the food forward. This prevents oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing. What happens to the rate of breathing during vigorous exercise and why? (i) The following are the important functions of blood: Presence of numerous stomata for gaseous exchange. The enzymes perform a number of functions in our bodies. Here the digestive enzymes are amylase, maltose and invertase for digesting the carbohydrates, trypsin for proteins and lipase for fats. B â Guard cell. The left smaller atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through four pulmonary veins. Though what conduction of water in plants takes place? Question 7. Answer: Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells usually make use of allosteric regulation to respond to fluctuations in the state inside the cells. The enzyme action basically happens in two steps: Step1: Combining of enzyme and the reactant/substrate. Catalysts are proteins that increase the rate of chemical ⦠... is needed to give the reaction a âkick start. They derive their nutrition from plants or animals without killing them. Question 20. The exchange of gases takes place through the stomata by the process of diffusion. Distinguish between breathing and respiration. Although structure determines function, a novel enzymatic activity cannot yet be predicted from structure alone. Amino acids forming an enzyme’s active site is not contiguous to the other along the sequence of primary amino acid. Once substrate (S) binds to this active site, they form a complex (intermediate-ES) which then produces the product (P) and the enzyme (E). Question 19. Question 9. The blood circualtion in human heart is called double circulation because the blood passes through the heart twice in one complete cycle of the body i.e., once through the right half in the form of deoxygenated blood and once through the left half in the form of oxygenated blood. pyruvate dehydrogenase, catalysing the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A. Air is present in between the particles of the soil. Often, the active site is a cleft or a pocket produced by the amino acids which take part in catalysis and substrate binding. SO2 the exchange of gases takes place through stomata by the process of diffusion. These valves allow the flow of blood from ventricles into the aorta and not back. Question 11. Enzymes require an optimum temperature and pH for their action. (d) It acts as carrier of hormones. Question 43. Answer: Catalysis of all reactions taking place in metabolic pathways are carried out by intracellular enzymes. The release of water vapours in the atmosphere through the pores present on plant leaves, i.e., stomata, is called transpiration. When old leaves fall, the waste materials are excreted along with the leaves. Many plants store waste materials in the vacuoles of mesophyll cells and epidermal cells. Answer: Organic compounds in plasma include antibodies, glucose, amino acids, hormones, enzymes, fatty acids, vitamins and proteins (i.e., albumin, globulin, prothrombin, fibrinogen, heparin). The preference of substrate concentration is critical as at lower concentrations, the rate is driven by concentration, however, at high concentrations, the rate does not depend on any increase in the concentration of the substrate. It regulates the volume of blood to some extent. Write down the functions of lymph nodes. Give reason. Mechanism of gaseous exchange during respiration: The oxygen is carried by blood to all the parts of the body. The trachea runs down the neck and divides into two tubes called bronchi. The macromolecular components of all enzymes consist of protein, except in the class of RNA catalysts called ribozymes. Transpiration: Water loss from the aerial parts of the plant is called transpiration. 1.What are enzymes? what are peristalic movements? The catalytic site and binding site together constitute the enzyme’s active site. Describe the structure of human kidney. Excretion in Human Beings: The main function of human excretory system is to re move nitrogenous wastes such as urea from the body. With further researches, classification became more comprehensive. Question 14. The wall of left ventricle is much thicker than that of right ventricle. The temperature or pH at which a compound shows its maximum activity is called optimum temperature or optimum pH, respectively. Answer: Give reasons. Question 22. Required fields are marked *, Request OTP on Enzyme action can be inhibited or promoted by the use of drugs which tend to work around the active sites of enzymes. Answer: Question 7. Name the various cells through which water moves upward to react the leaves. The sequence of amino acids specifies the structure, which in turn identifies the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Explain in brief with example. Chlorophyll is a green coloured pigment found in the green leaves or green parts of the plant which traps solar energy for photosynthesis. Initially, substrates associate themselves by noncovalent interactions to the enzymes which include ionic, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Oxygen intake rate increases by about 20 to 25 times. (ii) Speed of Air: High speed of air causes higher rate of transpiration. Oxygen liberated during photosynthesis comes from water. How does water affect the rate of photosynthesis in plants? Lipase helps in breakdown of complex fat molecules. Answer: Question 26. It includes a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladdes and a urethra. Thus, air from outside rushes into the lungs through nostrils, trachea and bronchi. What will happen if platelets were absent in the blood? Nutrition: The process by which the living organisms receive and utilise the food materials necessary for their survival, growth and repair of worn-out tissues is called nutrition. Or How is peptic ulcer caused? State the functions of the following components of transport system: Answer: Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. The conditions of the reaction have a great impact on the activity of the enzymes. This mode of nutrition is called autotrophic nutrition. How is it removed from the body? Answer: Answer: Urea is removed/eliminated from the body through urine. Draw the diagram of alimentary canal of man and label the following parts: Mouth, Oesophagus, Stomach, Intestine
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